The OTS Canadian Journal, based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, is a prestigious publication that serves as a critical platform for disseminating research, insights, and developments within the field of education and teaching services. This journal is dedicated to advancing the understanding and practice of education, providing educators, researchers, and policymakers with valuable resources and information. Each issue of the OTS Canadian Journal features a diverse array of articles that explore innovative teaching methods, policy analysis, and educational trends, with a particular emphasis on the Canadian education system. Through rigorous peer review and a commitment to academic excellence, the journal ensures that its content is both relevant and of the highest quality, contributing significantly to the body of knowledge in education.
Challenges and Opportunities in Gynecological Hospital Leadership for Improved Patient Outcomes
This research examines how central aspects of hospital administration—namely leadership approach, the use of electronic health record (EHR) systems, and the frequency of staff development initiatives—shape performance outcomes within gynecological healthcare institutions. Employing a quantitative methodology, data were gathered from multiple gynecological hospitals using structured surveys and official administrative reports. Analysis conducted with SPSS demonstrated notable links between participatory leadership and enhanced patient satisfaction, as well as between regular training programs and lower staff turnover alongside reduced readmission rates. Additionally, the integration of digital health platforms, particularly EHRs, was strongly associated with improved coordination of care and a decline in clinical mistakes. These results underscore the necessity of evidence-based managerial practices to strengthen efficiency, employee well-being, and patient-centered outcomes in women’s health facilities. Although issues such as financial limitations and organizational resistance were acknowledged, the findings confirm that systematic, data-informed management is essential for sustaining high-quality gynecological services. The study further provides practical guidance for healthcare leaders and policymakers aiming to introduce targeted reforms and elevate reproductive and maternal care. Overall, the evidence supports participatory leadership, ongoing training, and digital transformation as foundational elements of effective gynecological hospital governance.
Household Consumption Under Inflationary Pressures: Insights from Emerging Markets
This paper explores how rising price levels influence patterns of household expenditure in emerging economies. Utilizing a panel dataset covering ten nations from 2000 to 2022, the study applies econometric techniques—including fixed-effects and random-effects estimations—to evaluate the effect of inflationary movements on consumer spending behaviour. The findings demonstrate a clear inverse association between inflation and household outlays, showing that persistent increases in prices diminish real income capacity and limit demand for goods and services. These results carry important implications for economic governance, particularly in the formulation of monetary strategies and fiscal policies aimed at protecting household welfare in inflation-sensitive markets.
State Surveillance and the Decline of Democracy: Comparative Insights from Hybrid Regimes
This study explores the intersection of state surveillance and democratic decline within hybrid political regimes. Focusing on cases such as Turkey, Hungary, and India, the research investigates how governments employ digital surveillance systems to monitor populations, restrict dissent, and consolidate authority, all while upholding the outward appearance of democratic institutions. A qualitative comparative case study design was adopted, drawing on data from government records, human rights documentation, and interviews with subject-matter experts. The analysis demonstrates that surveillance mechanisms have grown increasingly sophisticated and are legitimized through legal structures and nationalist narratives. These findings highlight the extent to which digital tools are instrumentalized to weaken democratic practices and reinforce authoritarian tendencies. The article underscores the urgent need to reassess the relationship between technological governance and political freedoms in the contemporary digital era.
A Qualitative Examination of Organizational Practices in Canadian small and medium-sized enterprises Located in the city of Ottawa
This research explores the dynamics of organizational behaviour (OB) within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Ottawa, Ontario. Using a qualitative methodology, the investigation draws upon 62 in-depth, face-to-face interviews conducted with both administrators and staff members from diverse sectors, including retail, technology, healthcare, education, and hospitality. The inquiry highlights essential behavioural dimensions—such as participatory leadership, transparent communication, cultural inclusiveness, and work-life integration—that shape professional interactions within these organizations. Through thematic analysis, the study demonstrates how Canadian social values and multicultural principles inform SME practices, influence productivity, and enhance employee involvement. The findings enrich the limited body of qualitative literature on organizational behaviour in Canadian SMEs and provide actionable insights for business leaders, policymakers, and human resource practitioners seeking to strengthen workplace culture and organizational performance.
Cloud-Based Management Information Systems: A Paradigm Shift in Enterprise Resource Planning
This study explores the transformative impact of cloud-based Management Information Systems (MIS) on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) within small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across diverse sectors. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines a quantitative survey of 150 professionals and qualitative interviews with 15 decision-makers to examine how cloud technologies enhance decision-making, cost-efficiency, and operational agility. Key findings reveal that tools such as ERP, CRM, and Business Intelligence platforms significantly improve data integration and organizational responsiveness. Regression analysis shows a strong positive relationship between MIS usage and both decision speed (β = 0.48, p < 0.01) and cost-efficiency (β = 0.41, p < 0.05), while resistance to adoption is inversely related to firm size and employee IT literacy (β = -0.36, p < 0.05). Sector-specific analysis underscores contextual variability in adoption outcomes, highlighting the importance of strategic alignment, digital readiness, and cultural adaptability. The study concludes with practical recommendations for enhancing MIS implementation and calls for future research on long-term performance impacts.
Integrating TOK, CAS, and EE: A Holistic Framework for Transformative Learning in the IB Diploma Programme
This study explores the integration of the three core components of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme—Theory of Knowledge (TOK), Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS), and the Extended Essay (EE)—through a qualitative analysis of secondary data, including official IB guides, implementation handbooks, and documented case studies. The research aimed to understand how these components function collectively to promote holistic education, align with the IB Learner Profile, and support academic and personal development. Using thematic analysis, six key phases were followed: familiarization, initial coding, theme development, reviewing, defining, and synthesis. Five central themes emerged: Integrated Pedagogy, Reflective Growth, Rigorous Inquiry, Learner Identity Alignment, and Real-World Connected Learning. These themes reveal how the core elements are not isolated but interdependent, enhancing inquiry-based learning, ethical reasoning, self-awareness, and global citizenship. Findings indicate that successful integration of the core requires collaborative planning, consistent reflection practices, professional development, and alignment with the IB mission. The study highlights both the transformative potential of core integration and the implementation challenges due to contextual variability. Recommendations include investing in educator training, improving resource equity, and developing stronger interdisciplinary frameworks. While limited by its reliance on secondary sources, the study provides valuable insights and a foundation for future research focused on student outcomes and cross-cultural implementation.
Wage-Price Spiral: The Interplay Between Labor Markets and Inflation
This article explores the dynamics of the wage-price spiral, a self-reinforcing mechanism wherein rising wages lead to increased prices, which in turn drive further wage demands. The study provides a comprehensive review of theoretical frameworks, historical examples, and post-pandemic labor market shifts, focusing on how wage-setting behavior and inflation expectations interact across different institutional settings. Using a macroeconomic lens, the research analyzes both advanced and emerging economies, paying particular attention to labor force participation, foreign direct investment, and trade openness in shaping inflationary outcomes. The findings emphasize the importance of credible monetary policy, coordinated wage bargaining, and macroeconomic resilience in managing inflation. The article concludes by offering policy recommendations tailored to Vietnam’s economic context, grounded in econometric evidence such as OLS regression, Granger causality, and cointegration analysis.
Beyond the Ballot Box: The Institutional Cracks That Precede Democratic Collapse
This study investigates the underlying institutional vulnerabilities that contribute to democratic backsliding, with a focus on processes that precede formal democratic collapse. While elections remain a central component of democratic systems, this research argues that democracy is sustained by a broader ecosystem of institutions and norms—many of which are quietly eroded through legal and procedural manipulation. Using a qualitative methodology based on secondary data analysis, the study examines six recurring themes across multiple countries: judicial independence erosion, executive aggrandizement, media and civil society suppression, electoral manipulation, international authoritarian influence, and institutional resilience. Findings reveal that democratic erosion is often subtle and incremental, driven by elected leaders who exploit institutional gaps to consolidate power. However, the study also identifies instances of resistance, particularly in the form of judicial pushback, legislative oversight, investigative journalism, and public mobilization. The analysis underscores the importance of institutional resilience and the critical role of non-electoral mechanisms in safeguarding democracy. The study concludes with practical recommendations for policymakers and civil society actors, highlighting the need for early-warning systems, civic education, legal protections for democratic institutions, and global cooperation in defending liberal democracy. It also calls for future research into digital authoritarianism, regional variations in norm erosion, and the long-term effectiveness of resistance mechanisms.
Building a Strong Organizational Culture: Key Drivers and Best Practices
This qualitative study explores the key drivers and best practices for building a strong organizational culture within private sector organizations in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Recognizing that organizational culture significantly influences employee engagement, performance, and retention, the research seeks to understand how culture is formed, sustained, and adapted in contemporary work environments. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 professionals occupying leadership, HR, and managerial roles across six private organizations. Using thematic analysis, six core themes emerged: Leadership Influence, Recruitment and Cultural Fit, Recognition and Motivation, Culture in Hybrid Work Models, Technology and Culture Transmission, and Feedback Loops and Culture Assessment. The findings highlight the central role of leadership in modeling and reinforcing cultural values, the importance of value-based recruitment in maintaining cultural coherence, and the critical need for recognition systems that reflect organizational priorities. Additionally, the study reveals how hybrid work and digital platforms have redefined cultural expression and interaction. Regular feedback mechanisms emerged as vital tools for assessing and refining culture in dynamic business contexts. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on organizational behavior by offering practical recommendations for cultivating resilient and high-performing workplace cultures. It also identifies areas for future research, including sector-specific analysis, longitudinal studies, and quantitative validation of cultural indicators.
Exploring the Geographical Diversity of Canada: Landscapes, Climate, and Human Interaction
This study explores the geographical diversity of Canada and its significant influence on population distribution, economic activity, environmental challenges, and regional development. Canada’s vast landscape, consisting of six major geographical regions—from the mountainous Western Cordillera to the remote Arctic tundra—creates both opportunities and limitations for human settlement, transportation, and natural resource utilization. Using a qualitative descriptive research approach, the study synthesizes evidence from academic literature, government reports, and geospatial datasets to examine the relationship between geography and national development. Key themes identified in the analysis include regional variation, agricultural productivity, climate change vulnerability, urbanization patterns, and environmental sustainability. The findings indicate that regions such as the Canadian Shield occupy extensive portions of the country yet support relatively small populations because of harsh terrain and limited agricultural suitability. In contrast, areas such as Ontario and the Prairie Provinces demonstrate high agricultural productivity and population concentration due to more favorable environmental and economic conditions. The study also highlights the severe impacts of climate change in Canada’s Arctic regions, where Indigenous communities and fragile ecosystems face increasing environmental risks. Major urban centers including Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal are shown to have developed largely because of their strategic geographic locations near waterways, transportation corridors, and international trade routes. Overall, the research demonstrates the central role of geography in shaping Canada’s economic growth, settlement patterns, and policy priorities. It calls for regionally adaptive development strategies that emphasize environmental sustainability, climate resilience, infrastructure planning, and Indigenous land stewardship. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and environmental researchers concerned with equitable and sustainable regional development in Canada.
Enhancing Operational Efficiency and Guest Satisfaction in Hotel Management: A Strategic Approach
Hotel management plays a vital role in shaping guest experiences, ensuring operational efficiency, and sustaining competitive advantage within the hospitality industry. This study explores the key dimensions of effective hotel management by examining how service quality, human resource practices, technological innovation, and sustainability influence organizational performance and customer satisfaction. Using a qualitative research methodology, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with hotel managers, frontline employees, and guests from three mid-range hotels in Erbil, Iraq. Thematic analysis identified five central themes: guest-centered service, managerial adaptability, technology integration, staff training and morale, and post-pandemic cleanliness and safety practices. The findings demonstrate that personalized customer service, employee empowerment, and technological efficiency are significant drivers of guest loyalty and operational excellence. In addition, sustainability initiatives and ethical business practices emerged as increasingly influential factors affecting customer decision-making and brand reputation. The study emphasizes the importance of integrated management frameworks that align internal operational strategies with changing market expectations and consumer preferences. By incorporating the perspectives of multiple stakeholders, this research contributes to the broader literature on hospitality management and provides practical insights for hotel managers seeking to improve service delivery, strengthen employee retention, and maintain organizational resilience in a dynamic and highly competitive hospitality environment.
This study examines the impact of key hospital management practices—leadership style, electronic health record (EHR) adoption, and staff training frequency—on performance outcomes in gynecological hospitals. Employing a quantitative research design, data were collected from multiple gynecological healthcare facilities through structured questionnaires and administrative records. Statistical analysis conducted using SPSS revealed significant relationships between participative leadership and higher patient satisfaction scores, as well as between frequent staff training and reduced employee turnover and hospital readmission rates. The findings further demonstrate that the implementation of integrated digital health systems, particularly EHRs, is associated with improved care coordination, enhanced communication among healthcare professionals, and a reduction in clinical errors. These results underscore the importance of evidence-based management strategies in women’s healthcare institutions to improve operational efficiency, employee well-being, and patient outcomes. Although challenges such as financial limitations and resistance to organizational change were identified, the study confirms that structured, data-driven management practices play a critical role in delivering high-quality gynecological and maternal healthcare services. The research provides practical insights for hospital administrators and policymakers seeking to implement strategic reforms and strengthen reproductive healthcare systems. Overall, the findings support the adoption of participatory leadership, continuous professional development, and digital innovation as essential components of effective gynecological hospital management.
The Impact of Inflation on Household Consumption: An Econometric Analysis from Emerging Markets
*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:386504ae-cc40-400e-b065-ca454dd111cc-2" data-testid="conversation-turn-6" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="assistant"> This study investigates the relationship between inflation and household consumption in emerging market economies. Using panel data collected from ten countries between 2000 and 2022, the analysis applies fixed-effects and random-effects models to examine how fluctuations in consumer prices influence household spending patterns. The findings reveal a statistically significant negative relationship between inflation and household consumption, indicating that rising inflation reduces real purchasing power and constrains consumer demand. The study highlights the broader economic implications of persistent inflationary pressures, particularly in emerging economies where households are more vulnerable to price instability. These findings offer important insights for policymakers in designing effective monetary and fiscal strategies aimed at stabilizing prices, protecting consumer welfare, and sustaining economic growth.
Digital Authoritarianism and the Erosion of Democratic Norms: A Comparative Study of State Surveillance in Hybrid Regimes
*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:386504ae-cc40-400e-b065-ca454dd111cc-1" data-testid="conversation-turn-4" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="assistant"> This article examines the growing phenomenon of digital authoritarianism and its impact on the erosion of democratic norms in hybrid political regimes. By comparing state surveillance practices in Turkey, Hungary, and India, the study identifies how digital technologies are utilized by governments to monitor, control, and suppress dissent while maintaining a façade of democratic legitimacy. Employing a qualitative comparative case study methodology, data were collected from official documents, human rights reports, and expert interviews. The findings indicate that digital authoritarian strategies are becoming increasingly sophisticated and are often normalized through legal frameworks and nationalist rhetoric. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on digital governance and political control, highlighting how technological tools can be weaponized to limit civil liberties and weaken democratic institutions in the digital age.
Exploring Canadian Organizational Behaviour in SMEs: A Qualitative Study in Ottawa, Ontario
*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-WEB:386504ae-cc40-400e-b065-ca454dd111cc-0" data-testid="conversation-turn-2" data-scroll-anchor="false" data-turn="assistant"> This study investigates organizational behaviour (OB) within small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Emphasizing a qualitative research approach, the study is grounded in 62 face-to-face interviews with managers and employees across various sectors, including retail, technology, healthcare, education, and hospitality. The research uncovers critical behavioural dimensions—such as inclusive leadership, communication openness, cultural diversity, and work-life balance—that define workplace interactions in these enterprises. Through thematic analysis, the study demonstrates how Canadian societal values and multicultural frameworks shape SME dynamics, productivity, and employee engagement. The findings contribute to the limited qualitative literature on organizational behaviour in Canadian SMEs and provide practical implications for managers, policymakers, and HR professionals seeking to enhance organizational culture and workplace effectiveness.
Strategic Misalignment in Protracted Humanitarian Operations and Its Implications for Funding Sustainability and Organizational Capacity
Protracted humanitarian operations have become a defining feature of the contemporary global crisis landscape, driven by prolonged conflicts, climate-related disasters, forced displacement, and fragile governance structures. While humanitarian organizations were historically designed for short-term emergency response, many are now operating in chronic crisis contexts that last for decades. This shift has exposed a growing phenomenon of strategic misalignment, where organizational mandates, funding mechanisms, operational models, and stakeholder expectations are no longer coherently aligned. This article critically examines the nature of strategic misalignment in protracted humanitarian operations and analyzes its implications for funding sustainability and organizational capacity. Drawing on organizational theory, humanitarian governance literature, and funding architecture analysis, the study argues that unresolved strategic misalignment undermines long-term financial viability, erodes institutional learning, weakens staff capacity, and reduces programmatic effectiveness. The article concludes by proposing an integrated strategic realignment framework aimed at enhancing sustainability, adaptability, and mission coherence in long-term humanitarian engagement.
Protracted Humanitarian Crises, Strategic Misalignment, Funding Sustainability, Organizational Capacity, Humanitarian Governance
Understanding Canada’s Physical and Human Geography
This study examines how Canada’s varied physical geography influences patterns of settlement, regional economies, environmental pressures, and long-term development trajectories. Spanning a wide range of landforms and climatic zones—from the rugged terrain of the Western Cordillera to the Arctic’s polar environment—Canada’s geographical structure shapes both human activity and resource utilization. Adopting a qualitative descriptive framework, the research integrates evidence from scholarly sources, governmental publications, and spatial data analyses. The findings highlight pronounced regional contrasts in population density and economic function, with extensive regions such as the Canadian Shield supporting limited settlement due to physical constraints, while southern corridors and the Prairie provinces sustain intensive agriculture, urban concentration, and industrial growth. The analysis further reveals that climate-related risks are most severe in northern regions, where environmental change disproportionately affects Indigenous communities and fragile ecosystems. Major metropolitan areas have expanded largely as a result of favorable geographic positioning that facilitates trade, transportation, and economic connectivity. Overall, the study emphasizes the central role of geography in shaping Canada’s national development and advocates for region-specific policy approaches that prioritize environmental resilience, infrastructure planning, and Indigenous land governance.
Climatic variation, northern environments, environmental vulnerability, ecosystem change, resource geography
Linking Operational Performance to Guest Satisfaction in Hotel Management
This research investigates how managerial practices within the hotel sector influence service performance, operational effectiveness, and guest perceptions in a competitive hospitality environment. Employing a qualitative research design, the study draws on semi-structured interviews conducted with hotel executives, operational staff, and guests across three mid-scale hotels in Erbil, Iraq. The analysis identifies several interrelated dimensions shaping hotel success, including responsiveness to guest needs, leadership flexibility, the strategic use of digital technologies, workforce development, and heightened standards of hygiene and safety in the post-pandemic context. The findings suggest that hotels achieving higher levels of guest satisfaction and loyalty are those that emphasize service personalization, invest in employee capability and well-being, and leverage technology to streamline operations. Moreover, environmentally responsible practices and ethical management were found to play an increasingly important role in shaping customer preferences and brand credibility. By integrating perspectives from multiple stakeholder groups, this study enriches the hospitality management literature and provides actionable guidance for hotel leaders seeking to improve service quality, strengthen organizational resilience, and sustain competitive advantage in evolving market conditions.
Workforce management, employee engagement, service excellence, customer loyalty, hotel services
Optimizing Gynecological Services through Strategic Hospital Management
This research examines how selected hospital management approaches influence organizational and clinical performance within gynecological healthcare institutions. Adopting a quantitative methodology, the study analyzes data obtained from multiple gynecological hospitals using standardized survey instruments and institutional performance records. The analysis demonstrates that collaborative leadership practices are strongly associated with enhanced patient satisfaction, while ongoing professional development programs contribute to lower staff attrition and reduced readmission rates. In addition, the implementation of integrated digital health infrastructures—particularly electronic health record systems—was found to support better care coordination and a reduction in clinical inaccuracies.
Women’s health services, hospital administration, quality performance, workforce development, patient experience
Rising Prices and Living Standards: Household Consumption Adjustments in Emerging Markets
This paper examines how inflation influences household consumption behavior across emerging market economies. Drawing on a balanced panel dataset covering ten countries over the period 2000–2022, the study applies panel econometric techniques, including fixed-effects and random-effects estimations, to assess the sensitivity of household expenditure to price level fluctuations. The empirical findings reveal a robust and inverse association between inflation and household consumption, indicating that rising prices erode real income and dampen consumer spending. The results underscore the vulnerability of household demand to inflationary shocks and highlight the importance of coordinated monetary and fiscal policies aimed at preserving purchasing power and sustaining consumption-led growth in emerging economies.
Panel econometrics, price dynamics, consumption behavior, emerging economies, income effects
From Monitoring to Control: How Surveillance Technologies Reshape Political Authority
This study explores how contemporary governments operating within hybrid political systems employ digital technologies to reshape state power and constrain democratic practice. Focusing on comparative cases from Turkey, Hungary, and India, the article analyzes the ways in which surveillance infrastructures are embedded into governance mechanisms to regulate political opposition, manage public discourse, and consolidate authority under the appearance of electoral legitimacy. Adopting a qualitative comparative design, the research draws on policy texts, legal instruments, human rights assessments, and interviews with regional experts. The analysis demonstrates that technologically enabled monitoring has become increasingly institutionalized, reinforced through formal legislation and populist narratives that frame surveillance as a tool of security and national interest. By revealing how digital governance mechanisms facilitate subtle yet systematic forms of political control, the study advances critical debates on democratic resilience and accountability in an era of expanding state surveillance.
Hybrid political systems, surveillance governance, democratic backsliding, state power, comparative authoritarianism, civil freedoms
Organizational Behaviour Practices in Canadian SMEs
This research examines how organizational behaviour is experienced and enacted within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Ottawa, Ontario. Using an in-depth qualitative design, the study draws on insights from 62 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews conducted with both managerial and non-managerial staff across a range of industries, including technology, healthcare, education, retail, and hospitality. The findings highlight key behavioural patterns shaping everyday organizational life, notably leadership inclusivity, interpersonal communication practices, workforce diversity, and the management of work–life boundaries. Through thematic analysis, the study illustrates how broader Canadian cultural norms and multicultural principles are embedded in SME workplaces, influencing employee engagement, collaboration, and organizational performance. By addressing a notable gap in qualitative research on organizational behaviour in Canadian SMEs, this study offers actionable insights for business leaders, human resource practitioners, and policymakers seeking to foster healthier and more effective workplace environments.
Small and medium-sized enterprises, workplace behaviour, qualitative inquiry, Canadian business context, employee relations, organizational culture
Land, Weather, and People: A Study of Canada’s Spatial and Cultural Diversity
This research examines how Canada’s diverse physical geography influences patterns of settlement, economic organization, ecological resilience, and regional growth. Spanning from the towering peaks of the Western Cordillera to the frozen expanses of the Arctic Archipelago, Canada’s vast terrain presents contrasting conditions for human habitation and resource utilization. Adopting a qualitative synthesis approach, this study integrates data and perspectives drawn from scholarly publications, governmental analyses, and geographic information systems (GIS). The investigation highlights four overarching dimensions—regional diversity, agricultural potential, climate sensitivity, and urban expansion. Results show that areas dominated by rocky or boreal landscapes, such as the Canadian Shield, sustain limited populations, whereas fertile zones in Southern Ontario and the Prairie Provinces foster intensive agriculture and higher settlement density. The Arctic emerges as the region most vulnerable to environmental disruption, where accelerating climate change endangers both Indigenous livelihoods and fragile ecosystems. Meanwhile, metropolitan hubs including Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal have thrived due to their advantageous locations along waterways and trade corridors. The study concludes that Canada’s spatial heterogeneity continues to shape its national trajectory and emphasizes the need for regionally tailored planning strategies that harmonize sustainability, equity, and cultural stewardship. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers addressing climate resilience, infrastructure investment, and balanced regional development.
Climate Zones, Regional Development, Natural Resources, Human Settlement, Arctic, Urbanization
Redefining Hospitality Success: Integrating Operational Agility and Customer Delight
The hospitality sector increasingly depends on strategic management to deliver memorable guest experiences, improve operational productivity, and maintain a strong competitive edge. This research investigates the foundational aspects of successful hotel administration by analyzing how innovation, workforce development, sustainability practices, and service excellence influence both institutional outcomes and customer loyalty. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study gathered data through in-depth interviews with administrators, service personnel, and clientele from selected boutique and business hotels. The thematic interpretation identified five major factors shaping organizational success: adaptive leadership, digital transformation, employee engagement, service personalization, and health-oriented safety protocols. Results demonstrate that technology-enabled efficiency, empowered employees, and emotionally intelligent service models significantly strengthen guest satisfaction and long-term retention. Moreover, eco-conscious initiatives and transparent ethical standards emerged as central to shaping modern consumer expectations and trust. The research underscores the necessity of cohesive managerial systems that merge internal efficiency with evolving guest preferences. Ultimately, this study enriches the body of hospitality management literature by presenting evidence-based recommendations for hotel executives seeking to foster sustainable growth, optimize operations, and cultivate meaningful guest relationships in a continuously changing service landscape.
Hotel Management, Operational Efficiency, Guest Satisfaction, Service Quality, Hospitality Industry, Human Resource Management
Optimizing Women’s Healthcare Delivery: Managerial Approaches, Barriers, and Impacts
This research examines how administrative approaches and digital integration influence service quality and operational outcomes in hospitals specializing in women’s health. Adopting a quantitative methodology, data were obtained from several women’s hospitals through standardized surveys and institutional reports. The analysis, performed with SPSS, demonstrated that collaborative leadership styles were strongly linked to higher levels of patient trust and satisfaction, while continuous professional training contributed to lower employee attrition and better clinical performance. Additionally, hospitals utilizing comprehensive electronic information systems exhibited greater coordination among medical teams and a noticeable decline in procedural errors. The evidence underscores that modern management practices rooted in data utilization, inclusive decision-making, and technological advancement play a crucial role in achieving excellence in women’s healthcare institutions. Despite persistent obstacles such as limited financial resources and organizational resistance, the study emphasizes the necessity of sustained investment in workforce development and digital infrastructure. The findings offer practical guidance for executives and policymakers aiming to strengthen reproductive and maternal healthcare systems through innovation, strategic leadership, and evidence-informed management frameworks.
Gynecological Hospital, Quantitative Research, Hospital Management. Staff Training, Digital Health Records, Healthcare Performance
Leveraging Information Systems for Operational Excellence: Insights Across Multiple Industries
This research explores how digital management technologies contribute to improving organizational performance across multiple industries, emphasizing their influence on operational agility, cost optimization, and technological integration barriers. Employing a mixed-method design, the study synthesizes insights from 50 scholarly publications and survey data collected from 120 organizational leaders in the education, manufacturing, and healthcare sectors. The findings indicate that digital systems—such as Business Analytics (BA), Enterprise Resource Platforms (ERP), and Customer Data Solutions (CDS)—play a pivotal role in fostering efficient information flow and evidence-based decision processes. Statistical analyses reveal significant positive correlations between the implementation of digital tools and improvements in both decision responsiveness (β = 0.48, p < 0.01) and financial performance (β = 0.41, p < 0.05). Conversely, digital adoption challenges were more prevalent in larger firms and among employees with limited technological proficiency (β = -0.36, p < 0.05). Cross-sectoral comparisons show that the magnitude of these benefits varies depending on technological maturity and strategic focus. The results underscore that the success of management technologies hinges not only on technical capacity but also on leadership commitment, digital literacy, and a culture receptive to innovation. This study advances the discourse on organizational digitalization and provides actionable guidance for optimizing technological investments in modern enterprises.
Management Information Systems, Information Technology, Decision-Making, Organizational Efficiency
Perceptions of the International Baccalaureate Curriculum among Educators Worldwide: A Thematic Study
This research explores international educators’ perceptions of the Cambridge International Curriculum through a qualitative investigation involving 52 teachers from secondary schools in Singapore, South Africa, Brazil, and Finland. Data were collected through virtual interviews and analyzed thematically using Atlas.ti to uncover educators’ insights on curriculum flexibility, assessment alignment, and classroom applicability. The study identifies five recurring dimensions, contextual adaptability, evaluation consistency, cross-cultural awareness, inquiry-driven pedagogy, and learner motivation. Results indicate that while the Cambridge framework encourages analytical thinking and intercultural competence, its standardized assessment design often conflicts with local pedagogical traditions and resource limitations. Participants who benefited from institutional autonomy and region-specific training demonstrated greater confidence in customizing teaching approaches and integrating local perspectives into the curriculum. The findings suggest that achieving true global relevance requires a balanced approach that combines uniform academic standards with sensitivity to cultural and educational diversity. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of how international curricula operate across varied national contexts and offers actionable recommendations for enhancing teacher agency and curriculum inclusivity worldwide.
International Baccalaureate, IB curriculum, global education, qualitative research, teacher perspectives
Price Instability and Its Influence on Household Expenditure in Emerging Nations
This research explores how fluctuations in inflation influence household expenditure across developing and transitional economies. Drawing on panel data encompassing ten emerging nations, the study applies both fixed and random effects estimation techniques to evaluate the impact of rising price levels on consumer behavior. The analysis reveals a consistent and statistically significant inverse relationship between inflation rates and household spending, indicating that escalating prices diminish purchasing capacity and limit consumption activity. The outcomes underscore the importance of effective monetary and fiscal strategies aimed at mitigating inflationary shocks and preserving household welfare within vulnerable economic systems.
Emerging Markets, Panel Data, Inflation, Household Consumption.
Surveillance Capitalism and the New Social Order: Rethinking Freedom in the Digital Age
This study explores the rise of digital authoritarianism and its influence on weakening democratic principles within hybrid political systems. Through a comparative analysis of surveillance mechanisms in nations such as Turkey, Hungary, and India, the research demonstrates how governments increasingly exploit digital infrastructures to regulate information, monitor citizens, and marginalize opposition under the pretense of democratic governance. Employing a qualitative comparative approach, the study integrates insights from policy documents, human rights assessments, and interviews with experts in digital governance. The results indicate that state-led surveillance has evolved into a sophisticated tool of control, legitimized through legislation and reinforced by populist narratives. By revealing the intersection between technology, power, and civic freedoms, this research deepens our understanding of the transformation of political authority in the digital era and highlights urgent challenges for safeguarding democracy in technologically mediated societies.
Hybrid Regimes, State Surveillance, Democratic Erosion, Digital Authoritarianism.
Canadian Organizational Behaviour in SMEs
The present study delves into the behavioural patterns that characterize small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Ottawa, Ontario. Utilizing a qualitative research design, insights were obtained from 62 comprehensive interviews with business owners, supervisors, and employees across multiple industries, including education, healthcare, retail, technology, and hospitality. The investigation highlights essential elements of workplace behaviour such as participative management, openness in dialogue, multicultural integration, and employee well-being that collectively shape interpersonal dynamics and organizational climate. Through the application of thematic analysis, the research demonstrates how Canada’s pluralistic ethos and inclusive societal norms inform leadership styles, cooperation, and overall workforce engagement. The findings enrich existing discussions on organizational behaviour within the Canadian SME context and propose meaningful recommendations for leaders, human resource professionals, and policymakers focused on cultivating constructive and adaptive organizational environments.
Leadership, Diversity, Communication, Employee Engagement, Workplace Culture